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Cotton, K. (2001) Schoolwide and Classroom Discipline. Online Resource Accessed on June 8th, 2005 at: http://www.nwrel.org/scpd/sirs/5/cu9.html
McIntyre, T. (2005) Assertive Discipline. Retrieved on August 12th, 2005 at: http://maxweber.hunter.cuny.edu/pub/eres/EDSPC715_MCINTYRE/AssertiveDiscipline.html
© 2005 Mark Karadimos | Updated July 12th, 2017
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First publicized and marketed in 1976 by developer Lee Canter, Assertive Discipline is a well-respected and widely used program. According to Render, Padilla, and Krank, over half a million teachers have received AD training (1989). AD focuses on the right of the teacher to define and enforce standards for student behavior. Clear expectations, rules, and a penalty system with increasingly serious sanctions are major features. Some research (e.g., Mandlebaum and McCormack) is supportive, but most is inconclusive about the effectiveness of the AD approach (Emmer and Aussiker, Gottfredson, and Render, Padilla, and Krank).